The next advantage in business will come from leaders who can manage machine labor as deliberately as they manage people. Professor Ethan Mollick at Wharton framed this as AI management after watching executive MBA students use ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Claude Code, and Google Antigravity to build working startup prototypes in four days.

The lesson for executives is blunt: The scarce skill has moved from doing every task to defining work clearly enough that a fast, cheap, imperfect system can produce useful work without creating a mess.

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