The pandemic has seen an unprecedented global effort to accelerate the development of safe and effective vaccines as well as a rapid expansion of vaccine manufacturing capacity. However, challenges in further scaling up vaccine manufacturing capacity to meet higher-than-expected demand, and the resulting inequity in vaccine access, have highlighted that our past investments in building vaccine surge capacity were insufficient.

This is an issue vaccine companies, governments, and multilateral agencies must face squarely to improve medium-term access to Covid vaccines as well as to gird humanity better against future pandemics.

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