The time observation form, also known as a process study form, is a basic and often-used tool for lean practitioners. Note that here we are talking about applying the continuous time-observation method and not the work-sampling method.

The form, in combination with a stopwatch, serves multiple purposes, including:
• Facilitating direct observation of processes (one form per operator)
• Requiring the identification and recording of the smallest-observable component tasks, and separating operator time and machine time
• Recording component task times (which may sometimes be grouped, if appropriate)
• Encouraging observation of multiple cycles to better determine the lowest repeatable cycle times
• Highlighting cycle time variation (with same and different operators) and providing insight into the reasons for variation
• Helping identify and note waste
• Facilitating the development of standard work

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